The Republic of Gambia gained its independence from the United Kingdom.
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American astronomer Clyde Tombaugh discovered Pluto.
Actor Yul Brynner starred in an anti-smoking ad campaign while dying of smoking-related lung cancer.
The Sahara Desert temperature dropped so low that some areas became covered in snow.
WikiLeaks published the first US diplomatic cable leak provided by Chelsea Manning.
Mark Twain's Adventures of Huckleberry Finn was published in the United States.
