Willem II became King of the Netherlands.
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The Soviet spacecraft Luna 3 allowed the world to look at the far side of the moon for the first time.
Arnold Schwarzenegger became Governor of California.
The Massachusetts Charter was signed, which established the Province of Massachusetts Bay.
The Sonderkommandos, prisoners who took care of the bodies at the Auschwitz-Birkenau Concentration Camp, protested their pending mass murder.
Author Toni Morrison won the Nobel Peace Prize for literature for her work and essays about the Black American experience.
