Author Toni Morrison won the Nobel Peace Prize for literature for her work and essays about the Black American experience.
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The Soviet spacecraft Luna 3 allowed the world to look at the far side of the moon for the first time.
The Massachusetts Charter was signed, which established the Province of Massachusetts Bay.
Swedish music streaming service Spotify was launched by Daniel Ek and Martin Lorentzon.
The Sonderkommandos, prisoners who took care of the bodies at the Auschwitz-Birkenau Concentration Camp, protested their pending mass murder.
The Netherlands' flag carrier airline was founded under the name KLM Royal Dutch Airlines.