Inventor Alan Clark was granted his patent for the telescope.
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Pope Innocent III brought together the council for the Fourth Council of the Lateran, which was held at the Lateran Palace in Rome, Italy.
Poland became an independent country.
Chrysanthemums were believed to have been introduced from China to England.
Christopher Columbus discovered Sint Maarten in the West Indies.
German polymath Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz demonstrated integral calculus for the first time.
