Princess Mary Stuart succeeded her father James V and became Queen Mary I of Scotland at just six days old.
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The capital city of the Roman Empire, Constantinople, was severely damaged by an earthquake.
A British surgeon admitted to branding his initials on patients' livers.
Alabama became the 22nd state to join the United States of America.
After invading Finland, the Soviet Union was kicked out of the League of Nations.
A Norwegian expedition became the first to ever reach the geographical South Pole – led by Roald Amundsen.
