Paleoanthropologist Louis Leakey discovered a 1.4 million-year-old Homo erectus in Olduvai Gorge, Tanzania.
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Sweden introduced a groundbreaking Freedom of Press Act, becoming the first nation to introduce freedom of speech.
The United States Environmental Protection Agency was formed in the US under Director William Ruckelshaus.
The 'I Robot' collection of sci-fi short stories by Isaac Asimov was published by Genome Press in the US.
The world's first self-sustaining nuclear chain reaction happened in Chicago Pile-1 at the University of Chicago. It was overseen by Enrico Fermi.
The first artificial heart was successfully implanted.
