The first day of the Gregorian calendar began in France, Italy, Portugal, and various other Catholic states.
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Aviation pioneers, the Montgolfier brothers, made the first human ascent in a hot air balloon.
The tennis player Chris Evert won the first WTA Tour Championship in Florida.
The world's largest Legoland theme park opened in Winter Haven, Florida.
Hitler declared that all of Germany's Jews must be relocated, and Polish Jews found outside of their ghettos would be shot on sight.
The German philosopher Friedrich Nietzsche celebrated his 44th birthday by beginning his autobiography 'Ecce Homo,' which was published in 1908.
