The first day of the Gregorian calendar began in France, Italy, Portugal, and various other Catholic states.
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Hitler declared that all of Germany's Jews must be relocated, and Polish Jews found outside of their ghettos would be shot on sight.
Huey P. Newton and Bobby Seale founded the Black-rights political organization, Black Panther Party.
At 11 years old, Grace Bedell wrote to Abraham Lincoln, saying he should grow a beard.
Aviation pioneers, the Montgolfier brothers, made the first human ascent in a hot air balloon.
The world's largest Legoland theme park opened in Winter Haven, Florida.
