NASA launched the Mars Science Laboratory probe, which carried the Curiosity Rover to Mars.
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France successfully launched their first satellite, Astérix, into Earth's orbit.
Queen Elizabeth II became Britain's first monarch to pay income tax.
The UK-based computer company Raspberry Pi released their $5 (£4) computer.
Lewis Carroll's 'Alice in Wonderland' novel was published in the US.
The Queen Adosinda of Asturias was placed in a convent at San Juan de Pravia for the rest of her life.
