The capital city of the Roman Empire, Constantinople, was severely damaged by an earthquake.
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Princess Mary Stuart succeeded her father James V and became Queen Mary I of Scotland at just six days old.
A suicide bomber made an attack in Mogadishu, Somalia.
Alabama became the 22nd state to join the United States of America.
Northern Germany and the Netherlands were struck by St. Lucia's flood, killing more than 50,000 people.
A Norwegian expedition became the first to ever reach the geographical South Pole – led by Roald Amundsen.