The first day of the Gregorian calendar began in France, Italy, Portugal, and various other Catholic states.
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Huey P. Newton and Bobby Seale founded the Black-rights political organization, Black Panther Party.
The world's largest Legoland theme park opened in Winter Haven, Florida.
NASA's Galileo spacecraft skimmed by Jupiter's moon, Lo, at just 112 miles (180 km).
The children's novel 'Charlotte's Web' was published by E. B. White.
Hitler declared that all of Germany's Jews must be relocated, and Polish Jews found outside of their ghettos would be shot on sight.